Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Omics|

Tellechea-Luzardo, Jonathan, Charles Winterhalter, Paweł Widera, Jerzy Kozyra, Víctor de Lorenzo, and Natalio Krasnogor. ‘Linking Engineered Cells to Their Digital Twins: A Version Control System for Strain Engineering’. ACS Synthetic Biology 9, no. 3 (20 March 2020): 536–45.

Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Omics|
Pharmaceutical (drug development etc.)|

Li, Xinxiu, Eun Jung Lee, Sandra Lilja, Joseph Loscalzo, Samuel Schäfer, Martin Smelik, Maria Regina Strobl, et al. ‘A Dynamic Single Cell-Based Framework for Digital Twins to Prioritize Disease Genes and Drug Targets’. Genome Medicine 14, no. 1 (December 2022): 48.

Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Image-based approaches|

Du, XiangXi, MuYun Liu, and YanHua Sun. ‘Segmentation, Detection, and Tracking of Stem Cell Image by Digital Twins and Lightweight Deep Learning’. Edited by Vijay Kumar. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (5 April 2022): 1–10.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Review articles|
Tissue engineering|

Möller, Johannes, and Ralf Pörtner. ‘Digital Twins for Tissue Culture Techniques—Concepts, Expectations, and State of the Art’. Processes 9, no. 3 (2 March 2021): 447.

Bone (orthopaedics)|
Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Software|

Hernigou, Philippe, and Marius M. Scarlat. ‘Ankle and Foot Surgery: From Arthrodesis to Arthroplasty, Three Dimensional Printing, Sensors, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning Technology, Digital Twins, and Cell Therapy’. International Orthopaedics 45, no. 9 (September 2021): 2173–76.

Cell related|
Mechanistic approaches|
Pandemic (virus related)|
Pharmaceutical (drug development etc.)|

Helgers, Heribert, Alina Hengelbrock, Axel Schmidt, and Jochen Strube. ‘Digital Twins for Continuous MRNA Production’. Processes 9, no. 11 (4 November 2021): 1967.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Tissue engineering|

Geris, Liesbet, Toon Lambrechts, Aurélie Carlier, and Ioannis Papantoniou. ‘The Future Is Digital: In Silico Tissue Engineering’. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering 6 (June 2018): 92–98