Data-driven approaches|
Diabetes|
Nutrition|

Vaskovsky, Andrey M., Marina S. Chvanova, and Maksim B. Rebezov. ‘Creation of Digital Twins of Neural Network Technology of Personalization of Food Products for Diabetics’. In 2020 4th Scientific School on Dynamics of Complex Networks and Their Application in Intellectual Robotics (DCNAIR), 251–53. Innopolis, Russia: IEEE, 2020.

Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Omics|

Tellechea-Luzardo, Jonathan, Charles Winterhalter, Paweł Widera, Jerzy Kozyra, Víctor de Lorenzo, and Natalio Krasnogor. ‘Linking Engineered Cells to Their Digital Twins: A Version Control System for Strain Engineering’. ACS Synthetic Biology 9, no. 3 (20 March 2020): 536–45.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|

Sun, Tianze, Xiwang He, Xueguan Song, Liming Shu, and Zhonghai Li. ‘The Digital Twin in Medicine: A Key to the Future of Healthcare?’ Frontiers in Medicine 9 (14 July 2022): 907066.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Review articles|

Strasser, Carla. ‘How Would a Meaningful Digital Twin for the User Look Like?’, n.d., 57.

Data-driven approaches|
Diabetes|

Shamanna, Paramesh, Banshi Saboo, Suresh Damodharan, Jahangir Mohammed, Maluk Mohamed, Terrence Poon, Nathan Kleinman, and Mohamed Thajudeen. ‘Reducing HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Using Digital Twin Technology-Enabled Precision Nutrition: A Retrospective Analysis’. Diabetes Therapy 11, no. 11 (November 2020): 2703–14.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Policy|

Schwartz, Steven M., Kevin Wildenhaus, Amy Bucher, and Brigid Byrd. ‘Digital Twins and the Emerging Science of Self: Implications for Digital Health Experience Design and “Small” Data’. Frontiers in Computer Science 2 (15 October 2020): 31.

Blockchain|
Bone (orthopaedics)|
Data-driven approaches|
Pandemic (virus related)|

Sahal, Radhya, Saeed H. Alsamhi, Kenneth N. Brown, Donna O’Shea, and Bader Alouffi. ‘Blockchain-Based Digital Twins Collaboration for Smart Pandemic Alerting: Decentralized COVID-19 Pandemic Alerting Use Case’. Edited by Ahmed Mostafa Khalil. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (13 January 2022): 1–14.

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality|
Data-driven approaches|
Image-based approaches|

Riedel, Paul, Michael Riesner, Karsten Wendt, and Uwe Assmann. ‘Data-Driven Digital Twins in Surgery Utilizing Augmented Reality and Machine Learning’. In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), 580–85. Seoul, Korea, Republic of: IEEE, 2022.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Trauma|

Ricci, Alessandro, Angelo Croatti, and Sara Montagna. ‘Pervasive and Connected Digital Twins—A Vision for Digital Health’. IEEE Internet Computing 26, no. 5 (1 September 2022): 26–32.

Data-driven approaches|
Software|

Ricci, Alessandro, Angelo Croatti, Stefano Mariani, Sara Montagna, and Marco Picone. ‘Web of Digital Twins’. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 3 February 2022, 3507909.