Cancer|
Cyber security/resilience|
Data-driven approaches|
Software|

Zhang, Jun, Lin Li, Guanjun Lin, Da Fang, Yonghang Tai, and Jiechun Huang. ‘Cyber Resilience in Healthcare Digital Twin on Lung Cancer’. IEEE Access 8 (2020): 201900–913.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cancer|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Review articles|

Wickramasinghe, Nilmini, Prem Prakash Jayaraman, Abdur Rahim Mohammad Forkan, Nalika Ulapane, Rohit Kaul, Stephen Vaughan, and John Zelcer. ‘A Vision for Leveraging the Concept of Digital Twins to Support the Provision of Personalized Cancer Care’. IEEE Internet Computing 26, no. 5 (1 September 2022): 17–24.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cancer|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|

Meraghni, Safa, Khaled Benaggoune, Zeina Al Masry, Labib Sadek Terrissa, Christine Devalland, and Noureddine Zerhouni. ‘Towards Digital Twins Driven Breast Cancer Detection’. In Intelligent Computing, edited by Kohei Arai, 285:87–99. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021.

Cancer|
Mechanistic approaches|
Opinion/commentary|

Hernandez-Boussard, Tina, Paul Macklin, Emily J. Greenspan, Amy L. Gryshuk, Eric Stahlberg, Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood, and Ilya Shmulevich. ‘Digital Twins for Predictive Oncology Will Be a Paradigm Shift for Precision Cancer Care’. Nature Medicine 27, no. 12 (December 2021): 2065–66.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cancer|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Review articles|

HamlAbadi, Kamran Gholizadeh, Monireh Vahdati, Ali Mohammad Saghiri, and Agostino Forestiero. ‘Digital Twins in Cancer: State-of-the-Art and Open Research’. In 2021 IEEE/ACM Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), 199–204. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE, 2021.

Both Mechanistic and data-driven approaches|
Cancer|
Data-driven approaches|
Mechanistic approaches|
Spine|

Ahmadian, Hossein, Prasath Mageswaran, Benjamin A. Walter, Dukagjin M. Blakaj, Eric C. Bourekas, Ehud Mendel, William S. Marras, and Soheil Soghrati. ‘A Digital Twin for Simulating the Vertebroplasty Procedure and Its Impact on Mechanical Stability of Vertebra in Cancer Patients’. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 38, no. 6 (June 2022).