Clinical trials|
Data-driven approaches|

Greenbaum, Dov. ‘Making Compassionate Use More Useful: Using Real-World Data, Real-World Evidence and Digital Twins to Supplement or Supplant Randomized Controlled Trials’. In Biocomputing 2021, 38–49. Kohala Coast, Hawaii, USA: WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020.

Data-driven approaches|
Nutrition|

Gkouskou, Kalliopi, Ioannis Vlastos, Petros Karkalousos, Dimitrios Chaniotis, Despina Sanoudou, and Aristides G Eliopoulos. ‘The “Virtual Digital Twins” Concept in Precision Nutrition’. Advances in Nutrition 11, no. 6 (16 November 2020): 1405–13.

Data-driven approaches|
Synthetic Data|

Georges-Filteau, Jeremy, and Elisa Cirillo. ‘Synthetic Observational Health Data with GANs: From Slow Adoption to a Boom in Medical Research and Ultimately Digital Twins?’, 16 November 2020.

Data-driven approaches|
Omics|
Pandemic (virus related)|

Geanta, Marius, Ankit Singh Tanwar, Hans Lehrach, Kapaettu Satyamoorthy, and Angela Brand. ‘Horizon Scanning: Rise of Planetary Health Genomics and Digital Twins for Pandemic Preparedness’. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 26, no. 2 (1 February 2022): 93–100.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Review articles|

Fuller, Aidan, Zhong Fan, Charles Day, and Chris Barlow. ‘Digital Twin: Enabling Technologies, Challenges and Open Research’. IEEE Access 8 (2020): 108952–71.

Data-driven approaches|
Opinion/commentary|
Review articles|

Ferdousi, Rahatara, Fedwa Laamarti, M. Anwar Hossain, Chunsheng Yang, and Abdulmotaleb El Saddik. ‘Digital Twins for Well-Being: An Overview’. Digital Twin 1 (16 February 2022): 7.

Data-driven approaches|
Omics|
Opinion/commentary|

Fagherazzi, Guy. ‘Deep Digital Phenotyping and Digital Twins for Precision Health: Time to Dig Deeper’. Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 3 (3 March 2020): e16770.

Data-driven approaches|
Image-based approaches|
Opinion/commentary|

Erol, Tolga, Arif Furkan Mendi, and Dilara Dogan. ‘The Digital Twin Revolution in Healthcare’. In 2020 4th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT), 1–7. Istanbul, Turkey: IEEE, 2020.

Cell related|
Data-driven approaches|
Image-based approaches|

Du, XiangXi, MuYun Liu, and YanHua Sun. ‘Segmentation, Detection, and Tracking of Stem Cell Image by Digital Twins and Lightweight Deep Learning’. Edited by Vijay Kumar. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (5 April 2022): 1–10.

Data-driven approaches|
Trauma|

Croatti, Angelo, Matteo Gabellini, Sara Montagna, and Alessandro Ricci. ‘On the Integration of Agents and Digital Twins in Healthcare’. Journal of Medical Systems 44, no. 9 (September 2020): 161